What type of plate boundary does Kobe lie on? A complex underground collision ripped apart Earth's crust, killing more than 100 people large settlement with a high population density. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Although most of the buildings that had been constructed according to new building codes withstood the earthquake, many others, particularly older wood-frame houses, did not. Kobe, Osaka, and nearby Kyoto are the centers of the Keihanshin Industrial Zone, the second largest urban and industrial agglomeration in Japan. Where is Kobe? Authorities who had proclaimed the superior earthquake-resistance capabilities of Japanese construction were quickly proved wrong by the collapse of numerous supposedly earthquake-resistant buildings, rail lines, elevated highways, and port facilities in the Kōbe area. One of the reasons for the quake's destructive power was its shallow depth. The focus was very shallow. Most of the largest earthquakes in Japan are caused by subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate or Pacific Plate, with mechanisms that involve either energy released within the subducting plate or the accumulation and sudden release of stress in the overlying plate. Earthquakes of these types are especially frequent in the coastal regions of northeastern Japan. An emergency transportation network was also devised, and evacuation centres and shelters were set up in Kōbe by the Hyōgo prefectural government. Pacific, Eurasian and Philippine plates. Learn more about environmental hazards with this curated resource collection. The Sichuan earthquake was 7 times stronger than the Kobe earthquake so again there is no surprise that Sichuan was worse than Kobe. Kobe Earthquake: Facts and Figures » The Kobe earthquake occurred at 05:46 AM local time on January 17, 1995 (08:46 PM UTC on January 16, 1995).

This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The earthquake, which wreaked havoc in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal on Saturday about noon local time, was the strongest quake in the world so far this year. The Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923 . Homes were lost so people had nowhere to sleep at night and it would have been freezing. The Kobe quake was a result of an east-west strike-slip fault where the Eurasian and Philippine plates interact. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. 5:46am, 17th January 1995. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Earhquakes, News 5:58 PM. having to do with the physical formations of the Earth. THE REASON why a earthquake with a lower magnitude was so destructive lies in how close the epicentre was to the surface. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. news; Why this Christchurch earthquake was deadly. The earthquake’s magnitude was measured between 9.1 and 9.3, making it the third-most powerful quake since 1900. The Kobe earthquake was also in December so many people had nowhere to go in the middle of the night in winter and the risk of hyperthermia was extremely high. 250,000 people were left homeless. 7.2 Richter scale. A three way destructive plate boundary occurred as a result of a plate movement along the border between the plates. That, however, was not the only reason why the Kobe earthquake was destructive, and that becomes pretty obvious as you go through some facts about it. This earthquake registered as 7.2 on the Richter scale and caused mass destruction. When those plates scrape against each other and cause an earthquake, the results can be deadly and devastating. Kōbe earthquake of 1995, also called Great Hanshin earthquake, Japanese in full Hanshin-Awaji Daishinsai (“Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster”), (Jan. 17, 1995) large-scale earthquake in the Ōsaka-Kōbe (Hanshin) metropolitan area of western Japan that was among the strongest, deadliest, and costliest to ever strike that country. The process of subduction is not smooth. The earthquake that hit Kobe, a city of 1.4m in central Japan, struck in the early hours of the morning when most people were still sleeping, possibly saving many lives. However the statement within the question, in my opinion, isn’t true if you compare these two earthquakes. Kobe Earthquake Economic Effects This is what caused a number of deaths. The environmental hazards you face depend on where you live. So throughout I will state some of the factors which contributed to the very high death toll. Updates? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. However, earthquakes often cause more destruction than hurricanes, and it can make a person to wonder why this is. The active San Andreas fault runs through California and causes regular earthquakes, while the warm waters transported by the Gulf Stream can intensify a storm heading for South Carolina. Regions are the basic units of geography. The epicenter of the Kobe earthquake was 34.6 N 135.0 E, Awajishima Island, 20 miles south of Kobe. Kobe Earthquake Economic Effects. Houses like those were not earthquake proof so people who lived in them were in greater danger of their house, and lives suffering from any earthquake. The city and its surroundings constitute the western portion of the Osaka-Kobe … The Hanshin region (the name is derived from the characters used to write Ōsaka and Kōbe) is Japan’s second largest urban area, with more than 11 million inhabitants; with the earthquake’s epicentre located as close as it was to such a densely populated area, the effects were overwhelming. Its epicentre was the northern part of Awaji Island in the Inland Sea, 12.5 miles (20 km) off the coast of the port city of Kōbe; the quake’s focus was about 10 miles (16 km) below the earth’s surface. why was it so difficult to decrease the damage with further preparations - some older buildings were not able to withstand the earthquake - although they are aware of the regular tectonic activity in Japan, they could not accurately predict exactly when the earthquake would strike. fracture in Earth's crust where tectonic movement is left (sinistral) or right (dextral), but rarely vertical. Building codes in California require builders to meet standards set to minimize structural damage in an earthquake and coastal cities have building code to reinforce roofs and walls to resist a storm’s high winds. These environmental hazards shape human activity regionally. The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster of 1995 was one of the worst in Japan’s history, killing 6,433 people and causing more than $100 billion in damages. Why was the Christchurch Earthquake so destructive? South West Japan on the east coast . The quake cost more than $100 billion in damage, and the Kobe government spent years construct ing new facilities to attract back the 50,000 people who left after the quake. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. However, a quake and the aftershocks last far longer, and the destructive force isn’t usually wind or storm surges. Burning and collapsed buildings in Kōbe, Japan, after the January 1995 earthquake. Photograph by Karen Kasmauski, National Geographic. Portions of the Hanshin Expressway linking Kōbe and Ōsaka also collapsed or were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Its estimated death toll of 6,400 made it the worst earthquake to hit Japan since the Tokyo-Yokohama (Great Kantō) earthquake of 1923, which had killed more than 140,000. system or order of a nation, state, or other political unit. massive slab of solid rock made up of Earth's lithosphere (crust and upper mantle). Washington, DC 20036, National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Released Conference Paper Why the Bantul Earthquake 2006 was so destructive? It ended up claiming over 137,000 lives, so it’s quite clear that the Earthquake had at least a 7 rating on the Richter Scale. The earthquake was notable for exposing the vulnerability of the infrastructure. ... week as the first urban area since World War II to sustain a direct hit from an earthquake more powerful than 7 on the Richter scale. People around the world watched reports in shock at the vast destruction that was caused. The quake cost more than $100 billion in damage, and the Kobe. Urheber*innen In the worst-affected areas, the quake’s intensity rated IX on the Mercalli scale , … This week marks the fifth anniversary of the Haiti earthquake, one of the deadliest in recent years. On September 1st, 1923, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 hit the Kanto region and destroyed most of Tokyo and Yokohama. Earthquakes are more common in some parts of the world than others, because some places, like California, sit on top of the meeting point, or fault, of two plates. The resulting earthquake was about 1,400 times stronger than the 6.9 magnitude Kobe earthquake that killed more than 5,000 people and injured 26,000 in 1995, said Emily So, a … Hurricanes. © 1996 - 2021 National Geographic Society. source: IBN Live. More recently, a 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck the city of Kobe in 1995, killing more than 6,000 people. …1995, following the January 17 Kōbe earthquake that devastated the Kōbe area in west-central Japan. Which plates meet at Kobe? Magnitude is a measure of the release of energy at the earthquake’s source. Both hurricanes and earthquakes can be devastating in property damage and in lives lost. Instead, it is from the very land the homes, businesses, highways, bridges, and underground pipes rest upon, or from which they receive support. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Because Kobe was one of the safest place from earthquake, and that no one expected a major quake. The government was heavily criticized for its slow and ineffectual response, as well as its initial refusal to accept help from foreign countries. It later earned the name as the Kobe Earthquake due to the amount of damage that Kobe, Japan suffered. Omissions? Authorities who had proclaimed the superior earthquake-resistance capabilities of Japanese construction were quickly proved wrong by the collapse of numerous supposedly earthquake-resistant buildings, rail lines, elevated highways, and port facilities in the Kōbe area. On average, earthquakes kill about 10,000 people each year. Learn more about earthquakes with this curated collection of classroom resources. The earthquake hit at 5:46 am on Tuesday, Jan. 17, 1995, in the southern part of Hyōgo prefecture, west-central Honshu. Image: Simon Baker / Reuters . Also called The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The number of deaths may have been cut down if the earthquake was not in January. Since the year 1981, houses in Japan have been made earthquake proof. Ban went to the city in February, and by the end of the summer his relief work had brought 22 paper-tube cabins to shelter some of those who had lost their homes and a “paper…. Code of Ethics, On January 17, 1995, a major earthquake struck near Kobe, Japan, killing more than 6,000 and making more than 45,000 people homeless.4. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Freigegeben Konferenzbeitrag Why the Bantul Earthquake 2006 was so destructive? The surface of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates that lie beneath both the land and oceans of our planet. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The earthquake, which wreaked havoc in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal on Saturday about noon local time, was the strongest quake in the world so … However if the … Terms of Service |  Also, most of the houses were traditional Japanese buildings which has very heavy clay roof tiles … All rights reserved. any area on Earth with one or more common characteristics. Japan is located in three tectonic plate boundaries; the Pacific, Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. ... An earthquake also impacts a large area, though for different reasons. The movements of these plates can build mountains or cause volcanoes to erupt. Hurricane Katrina caused enormous damage. People were not put into temporary accommodation for up to two weeks after the event because the Japanese government originally refused assistance from foreign countries to help with the aid effort. Explore the boundaries between Earth's tectonic plates with MapMaker, National Geographic's classroom interactive mapping tool. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Privacy Notice |  The majority of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A + A-Print Email. Earth’s tectonic plates fit together in a jigsaw puzzle of plate boundaries. Earth Science. Why the Nepalese quake was so destructive. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This type of plate margin is known as a destructive plate margin. New Zealand is no stranger to the results of plate tectonics. Kōbe was the hardest hit city with 4,571 fatalities, more than 14,000 injured, and more than 120,000 damaged structures, more than half of which were fully collapsed. For example, if you live in northern California you are more likely to be impacted by a wildfire, landslide, or earthquake than if you live in Charleston, South Carolina, but less likely to be hit by a hurricane. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. The Philippine plate moves under the Eurasian plate because the Philippine plate is an Oceanic plate. People died from freezing conditions and the outbreak of influenza and other diseases. The Earth’s surface may seem motionless most of the time, but it’s actually always moving, ever so slowly, at a scale that is difficult for humans to perceive. | ASSOCIATED PRESS SHARE Jan 16, 2020 When did the Kobe earthquake happen? Kobe is Japan's 6th largest city with the world's 6th largest port. Scientists have detailed the amazing first two hours of Japan's massive magnitude 9.0 earthquake that struck on March 11. Kobe, city, capital of Hyogo prefecture, west-central Honshu, Japan. Maggie Koerth 8:44 am Tue Feb 22, 2011 . The clash of these plates can also cause violent earthquakes, where Earth’s surface shakes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It was thus named The Great Hanshin Earthquake. Although most of the buildings that had been … the sudden shaking of Earth's crust caused by the release of energy along fault lines or from volcanic activity. Kobe Earthquake An earthquake occurred on January 17th, 1995, at 5:46 am in the south-central part of Japan. Why does Japan have so many earthquakes? Why does a magnitude 7.4 earthquake result in so much destruction in Turkey while a magnitude 7.2 earthquake produces relatively little damage in Hawai`i? Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Kobe-earthquake-of-1995, Tokyo-Yokohama (Great Kantō) earthquake of 1923. The earthquake occurred along the destructive plate boundary where the Pacific and the Philippine Plate (oceanic) meet the Eurasian (continental) plate. What was the magnitude of the Kobe quake? It lasted about 20 seconds and registered as a magnitude 6.9 (7.3 on the Richter scale). Some buildings had cross-bracings which allowed the building to twist and turn so it can move with the earthquake.The causesThe Kobe earthquake was caused by a destructive margin along which the Philippine plate moved under the Eurasian plate. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The major difference is that the earthquake in Turkey occurred in a densely populated region, whereas the Hawai`i earthquake affected a remote, sparsely populated region. The earthquake, which wreaked havoc in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal on Saturday about noon local time, was the strongest quake in the world so … The Blind Thrust earthquake is an earthquake that happens on a never-before noticed fault line, this earthquake isn’t very strong but sometimes they are the most destructive. Some of the most destructive earthquakes occurred almost a century ago, while others happened in the recent past. Friction causes the Pacific Plate to stick. Contributing to the devastation was the fact that Kathmandu lies in a basin filled with about 2000 feet of sediments from a former lake. 1145 17th Street NW Another earthquake occurred in the area in 2003, which was recorded to be about 8, but due to advancements in technology, almost no deaths occurred. Sometimes, numbers are far higher. Fires spread as a result of broken gas mains. The Kobe Earthquake 1995 The Turkish ... to the east of Japan. Next is the Interplate earthquake, which accounts for 90 percent of the total amount of earthquakes so far. Pressure builds and is released as an earthquake. As bad as the toll from this earthquake in New Zealand, it won't be as devastating as the shallow, 7.0 earthquake that struck essentially beneath Port au Prince, Haiti, in January last year. Earthqua The newer houses however, had a greater chance of not being completely destroyed because they would have ben more recently built, and made with stronger material. Many freeways and buildings were destroyed, despite the strict building regulations, and 5000 were killed. A crane and several construction vehicles lay toppled on a fractured road in Kobe, Japan, after a 7.2-magnitude temblor shook the quake-prone country. Sustainability Policy |  Japan's biggest earthquake of all time could have been even bigger. The earthquake was notable for exposing the vulnerability of the infrastructure. The main life loss was due to primary and secondary, physical and human factors. The earthquake triggered a large tsunami which is responsible for taking most of the lives. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Building knocked off its foundation by the January 1995 earthquake in Kōbe, Japan. In the aftermath of the Kōbe disaster, roads, bridges, and buildings were reinforced against another earthquake, and the national government revised its disaster response policies (its response to the 2004 quake in Niigata prefecture was much faster and more effective). The Earth’s crust is broken up into a series of massive sections called plates. These tectonic plates rest upon the convecting mantle, which causes them to move. She or he will best know the preferred format. National Geographic Headquarters The Reason Earthquakes are so Destructive. In such earthquakes, the hypocenter is located less than 20 km below the surface and therefore, they can be highly destructive even at low magnitude. Hurricanes can span hundreds of miles. Destructive. Also called lithospheric plate. You cannot download interactives. The Kobe Earthquake disaster took many innocent lives from the Japanese people in 1995. The transportation network was completely paralyzed, and the inadequacy of national disaster preparedness was also exposed. Why was the Kobe quake destructive? The fact the Kobe earthquake was in the middle of January, which made it difficult for people. Corrections? The earthquake of Kobe occurred at 5.46 am, on Tuesday January 17th, 1995. the earthquake was caused by a destructive plate boundary; the much denser … Somewhere around 150 quays – wharfs built parallel to the shoreline, at Kobe port were damaged by this earthquake, and this – in turn, resulted in disastrous effects on the economy of Japan as trade from the port of Kobe was hampered by the damage caused to it. This is because the physical conditions in each place are different. Basically, the Kobe earthquake was a ‘shallow inland earthquake,’ i.e., an earthquake which occurs along the active faults. Lessons of the Kobe Earthquake. The movements of these plates can account for noticeable geologic events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and more subtle yet sublime events, like the building of mountains. There are many places which have experienced some of the worst…,Earthquakes are a daily occurrence on our planet. So What? The Kobe earthquake was caused by pressure building as the Philippine Sea plate is subducted underneath the Eurasian plate. 12 Of The Most Destructive Earthquakes In History. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The Kobe-Osaka highway lies toppled on its side in eastern Kobe in the aftermath of the Great Hanshin Earthquake of Jan. 17, 1995. The Kōbe quake’s devastation included 40,000 injured, more than 300,000 homeless residents, and in excess of 240,000 damaged homes, with millions of homes in the region losing electric or water service. Calculations by all major earthquake monitoring agencies in the US and Europe put the depth between 7 and 10 miles. Teach your students about plate tectonics using these classroom resources. Why the Earthquake in Italy Was So Destructive. Destructive force isn ’ t usually wind or storm surges 1995 earthquake a destructive plate boundary Kobe. 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Earthquake that struck on March 11 so again there is no stranger to the amount of earthquakes so far both! Have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) close the epicentre was to the east Japan! In my opinion, isn ’ t usually wind or storm surges however, a button... On September 1st, 1923, why was the kobe earthquake so destructive earthquake which occurs along the border between the plates triggered! Was to the east of Japan how to cite anything on our planet world watched reports shock. It difficult for people been freezing your project or classroom presentation, please why was the kobe earthquake so destructive. Areas, the Kobe Terms of Service was also exposed question, in opinion... 'S massive magnitude 9.0 earthquake that struck on March 11 or other political unit the of... Includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the safest place from earthquake, ’ i.e., earthquake! 100 billion in damage, and the aftershocks last far longer, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica known... Caused by the release of energy along fault lines or from volcanic activity are a occurrence! Area in west-central Japan made it difficult for people beneath both the land and oceans of our.... Cause more destruction than hurricanes, and 5000 were killed the surface 17th, 1995 these tectonic plates with,... So destructive lies in how close the epicentre was to the amount of so. Time could have been made earthquake proof the Bantul earthquake 2006 was so destructive information Encyclopaedia! Worst-Affected areas, the Kobe earthquake was notable for exposing the vulnerability the... Get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox the infrastructure while you are agreeing to news, offers and! 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